Okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek, bilgiye, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fime ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ileti\u015fime kap\u0131 a\u00e7an temel bir beceridir. Okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r, ancak bunlardan ikisinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011fretim uygulamalar\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler (Frequently Used Words \/ Sight Words) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem (Decoded Words \/ Phonics) Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem (\u015eifresi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Kelimeler \/ Fonikler)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu makalede, her iki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alacak, verileri ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla destekleyecek ve becerileri peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in pratik al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar sunaca\u011f\u0131z. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler \/ G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kelimeler y\u00f6ntemi <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.1. Nedir? Bu y\u00f6ntem nedir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00f6ntem, yaz\u0131l\u0131 konu\u015fmada en s\u0131k ge\u00e7en kelimelerin ezberlenmesine dayan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngilizcede 220 Dolch Sight Words, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesindeki metinlerin y\u00fczde 75’ini kapsar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ngilizcede s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere \u00f6rnekler: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Basit i\u015flev s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri: the, and, is, it, in, on, at <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Zamirler: I, you, he, she, we, they <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Ba\u011flama fiilleri: was, were, have, has, do <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Zarflar ve edatlar: up, down, with, for, from <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rus\u00e7ada da b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ezberlemeye de\u011fer y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckler vard\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– it, here, there, here, where, how, but, or, to <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.2. Bu y\u00f6ntem nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6\u011frenci kelimeyi harf harf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek yerine kelimenin g\u00f6rsel imaj\u0131n\u0131 ezberler. Bu, her seferinde kod \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi gerektirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in okumay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6\u011frenme a\u015famalar\u0131: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. G\u00f6rsel a\u015final\u0131k – \u00e7ocuk kelimeyi kitapta, sesli-video kitapta, Kelimeler ve Harfler serisinde g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve \u00c7iziyorum serisinde renklendirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Tekrarlama – y\u00fcksek sesle okuma, yazma, oyun oynama. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde uygulama – c\u00fcmleleri ve k\u0131sa metinleri okuma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.3. Y\u00f6ntemi destekleyen bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Edward Dolch (1936) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan kelimelerin ezberlenmesinin \u00e7ocuklarda okumay\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Modern ara\u0122t\u0131rmalar (National Reading Panel, 2000) Anl\u0131k Kelimelerin \u00f6zellikle telaffuzu yanl\u0131\u0122 olan kelimeler (said, through gibi) i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.4. Y\u00f6netimin art\u0131lar\u0131 ve eksileri <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 Avantajlar\u0131: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Otomatik tan\u0131ma sayesinde h\u0131zl\u0131 okuma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Fonetik olmayan ortografiye sahip diller i\u00e7in etkilidir (\u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Almanca). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Erken okumay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dezavantajlar\u0131: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– S\u0131ral\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip az say\u0131da \u00e7ocuk kitab\u0131 ve serisi, ANCAK Nicky ile Okuma okuma program\u0131n\u0131 yeni bulduk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Karma\u015f\u0131k bir yakla\u015f\u0131m gerektirir, bu nedenle Nicky ile Oku okuma program\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ocuklar dinler, g\u00f6r\u00fcr, okur, \u00e7izer, se\u00e7er ve farkl\u0131 dillerde okumay\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 dillerde ustala\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fcvenle \u00f6\u011frenirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.5. Pratik al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 1: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kitap verin, ilk zorluk seviyesinden ba\u015flay\u0131n. Program\u0131m\u0131zdaki kitaplar ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. \u00c7ocuk karakterleri tan\u0131r, onlar hakk\u0131nda okur, hikayelerini okur ve yava\u015f yava\u015f kendine g\u00fcvenerek okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 2: Metin i\u00e7inde kelime bulma Okuma \u00f6\u011fretim setimizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 da Kelimeler ve Harfler serisidir<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– K\u0131sa bir metin verin (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir \u00e7ocuk kitab\u0131). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Bildikleri t\u00fcm kelimelerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmelerini ve bo\u015fluklardaki harfleri se\u00e7melerini isteyin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 3: Kelimeleri \u00e7izin ve boyay\u0131n <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 4: Sesli-video kitab\u0131 dinleyin ve izleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 5: Kitin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak okuduklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinizi ve duyduklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131n – S\u0131n\u0131f ve ev etkinlikleri i\u00e7in fikirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem (\u015eifresi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Kelimeler \/ Fonetik) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1. Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem Nedir? Bu nedir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fonetik, yeni kelimeleri “\u00e7\u00f6zerek” okumak i\u00e7in harfleri ve sesleri e\u015fle\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6\u011fretir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ngilizcedeki fonetik kurallar\u0131na \u00f6rnekler: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– “A” harfi: cat (kedi), cake (kek) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Digraphs (harf kombinasyonlar\u0131): sh (gemi), ch (sohbet), th (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Uzun ve k\u0131sa sesli harfler: bit (bit) vs. bite (byte)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rus\u00e7a Fonikte de i\u015fe yarar: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– M + A = MA <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– S + L + O + N = SLON <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.2. Bu y\u00f6ntem nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Seslerin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi – \u00f6nce basit sesler (a, b, c), sonra karma\u015f\u0131k sesler (wa, sh). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Seslerin heceler halinde birle\u015ftirilmesi – M+A=MA, P+A=PA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Kelimeleri ve c\u00fcmleleri okuma – MAMA, PAPA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.3. Fonik lehine bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Ulusal Okuma Paneli (2000) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir meta-analiz, foni\u011fin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okuma becerilerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Duke & Cartwright (2021) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Foni\u011fin \u00f6zellikle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hecelemeye sahip diller (\u0130spanyolca, Almanca, Rus\u00e7a) i\u00e7in etkili oldu\u011funu do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.4. Y\u00f6netimin art\u0131lar\u0131 ve eksileri <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 Avantajlar\u0131: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Yeni kelimeleri okumak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Yaz\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Fonemik i\u015fitmeyi geli\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dezavantajlar: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u00d6\u011frenmesi daha uzun s\u00fcrer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Yanl\u0131\u015f telaffuzu olan kelimeler i\u00e7in zor olabilir (colonel, yacht).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.5 Pratik al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 1: Ses Zincirleri <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Heceleri yaz\u0131n: ma, mo, mu, me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u00d6\u011frenciden bunlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek sesle okumas\u0131n\u0131 isteyin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 2: Seslerden kelime yapma <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Bir dizi harf verin: K, O, T. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u00d6\u011frenciden bir kelime yapmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyin (KOT). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma 3: Eksik harflerle okuma <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Eksik harfli bir kelime yaz\u0131n: S_ON. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u00d6\u011frenci hangi harfin eksik oldu\u011funu tahmin etmelidir (L \u2192 SLON). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zet: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde okumaya ba\u015flaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Fonetik uzun s\u00fcreli dersler gerektirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130deal strateji: her iki y\u00f6ntemi birle\u015ftirin – \u00f6nce S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeleri \u00f6\u011frenin, sonra Ses Bilgisi ekleyin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. BECERILERI PEK\u0130\u015eT\u0130RMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N EK ALI\u015eTIRMALAR Becerileri peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ek al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1. Y\u00fcksek Sesle Okuma <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Her g\u00fcn 10-15 dakika boyunca tan\u0131d\u0131k ve yeni kelimeler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yaparak y\u00fcksek sesle okuyun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.2 Sesli kitaplar + metin <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Sesi dinleyin ve metni takip edin – bu kelime tan\u0131may\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.3. Kelime oyunlar\u0131 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Scrabble – harflerden kelime yapma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Adam asmaca – harflere g\u00f6re kelime tahmin etme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. KELIME OYUNLARI Sonu\u00e7 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hem S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler hem de Fonetik etkilidir, ancak birlikte daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6neriler: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– 4-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar: h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in daha fazla S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
– 7 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar ve yeti\u015fkinler: herhangi bir metni g\u00fcvenle okumak i\u00e7in her iki y\u00f6ntemi de kullan\u0131n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okuma, pratikle geli\u015fen bir beceridir. D\u00fczenli pratik ve do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131m, sizin veya \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun kendine g\u00fcvenen bir okuyucu olmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek, bilgiye, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fime ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ileti\u015fime kap\u0131 a\u00e7an temel bir beceridir. Okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r, ancak bunlardan ikisinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011fretim uygulamalar\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1. S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler (Frequently Used Words \/ Sight Words) 2. Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem (Decoded Words \/ Phonics) Fonetik Y\u00f6ntem (\u015eifresi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Kelimeler \/ Fonikler) Bu makalede, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[328],"tags":[510,515,509,513,512,511,514],"class_list":["post-6021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-okumayi-ogrenmek-tr","tag-fonetik-yontem-sifresi-cozulmus-kelimeler-fonikler","tag-ilk-zorluk-seviyesinden-baslayarak-okuduklarinizi-tartismak-icin-kitin-bolumu","tag-kucuk-bir-kitap-verin","tag-niky-ile-okuma-programimiz","tag-okuma-ogretim-setimizin-bir-parcasi-kelimeler-ve-harfler-serisi","tag-sesli-videolu-kitabi-dinleyin-ve-izleyin","tag-sik-kullanilan-kelimeler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6021"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6022,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6021\/revisions\/6022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nickyacademy.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}